

This is a small amount of memory that your Mac uses to store settings that it wants to access quickly. One of the first fixes you'll find on any forum is resetting the NVRAM (nonvolatile random-access memory). It can be any random issue from iCloud not allowing you to sign in to certain apps just not opening. Sometimes specific processes on your Mac just don't work. Reset the NVRAM and PRAM: option-command-P-R Release the N key when you see the choices appear.Start or restart your Mac and immediately press and hold the N key on your keyboard.Your Mac must have capable firmware to boot from a system. (Image credit: iMore / Gerald Lynch) Start up from a NetBoot server: Nīooting from a NetBoot server allows you to boot from a network, rather than a local hard disk or optical disk drive. You can also hold option-D to start up from either utility over the internet.

Select Apple Hardware Test or Apple Diagnostics.Release the D key when you see the choices appear.Start or restart your Mac and immediately press and hold the D key on your keyboard.

How to start up from the Apple Hardware Test or Apple Diagnostics

You can run Apple Diagnostics once you think you've isolated the issue to a possible hardware issue. If there are issues with your Mac that you think may be related to the hardware, you can run the Apple Hardware Test. Start up from Apple Hardware Test or Apple Diagnostics: D
